Interview with Vice Admiral Hans Lissow, German Naval Chief of Staff, “Naval Chiefs of Staff comments on their adaption to the new security-political situation,” Naval Forces, 2002, Vol.“Submarine Forces, Germany,” Jane’s Underwater Warfare Systems, 5 July 2011.Daniel Darling, “Germany’s Military Readiness Woes Continue,” Defense & Security Monitor, 31 January 2019, “Another German Submarine Runs Aground in Norwegian Waters,” Naval Today,.“Submarine Forces, Germany,” Jane’s Underwater Warfare Systems, 5 July 2011, Sebastian Baak, “Hochmodernes U-Boot is Startklar,” NDR, 23 March 2015,.23 The first boat will be delivered in 2021. 22 The Republic of Singapore’s Navy (RSN) ordered four Type 218SG submarines in 2013 in a $2.18 billion contract with TKMS. They are modeled after the Type 214 with features from the 212A. Type 218SG submarines are hybrid diesel-electric/AIP vessels with longer endurance and features to silence operations. 20 In October 2017, Germany and Israel signed a memorandum of understanding for Germany to provide three more Dolphin-class submarines starting in 2027 to add to Israel’s arsenal of six Dolphin-class submarines. These vessels are longer in length and have greater underwater autonomy capabilities.
Germany also exports modified versions of its Type 212 A and Type 214 submarines, known as the Dolphin-class and the AIP Dolphin 2-class respectively, to Israel. Hyundai Heavy Industries (HHI) and Daewoo Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering (DSME), two companies that are planning to merge into one shipbuilding company, are building the vessels with assistance from HDW. 17 South Korea, as a part of their Korean Attack Submarine Program (KSS), is in the process of adding nine Type 214 vessels to its existing fleet of nine Type 209 class submarines. They incorporate design features from Type 209 and 212A vessels and have been sold to a number of countries, notably South Korea, Greece, and Turkey. Type 214 submarines are hybrid diesel-electric/AIP long-range submarines.
GERMAN SUBMARINE UPGRADE
15 More recently, TKMS contracted to help upgrade Peru’s four Type 209 submarines in a €40 million deal in 2016. 14 In 2004, Portugal ordered two Type 209 vessels (fitted according to Type 214 specifications), which were delivered by HDW in late 2010. HDW has exported over fifty Type 209 submarines to a dozen countries, including Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Greece, India, Indonesia, Israel, South Korea, and Turkey. Type 209 submarines are diesel-electric patrol vessels.
13 The ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems (TKMS) group, which includes Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft (HDW), Atlas Elktronik, and Hellenic Shipyards Company in Greece, offers four types of non-nuclear submarines for export: Type 209, Type 212A, Type 214, and Type 218SG. German naval shipyards export submarines to countries all over the world.
Their weapons systems can fire torpedoes using six 533mm torpedo tubes. These submarines are about 56 meters long with a 7-meter-wide beam and can travel up to 20 knots when submerged. Germany possesses six of Class 212A diesel-electric attack submarines and all are equipped with air-independent propulsion (AIP) system. In May 2019 the U-36 ran aground while departing the Royal Norwegian Navy base of Haakonsvern. However, by December 2018 the U36, U31, and U33 were able to return to sea. In October 2017, the U35 damaged its rudder during a diving maneuver and joined three other 212A boats in the Kiel shipyard.
9 A major impediment to the development of this technology is defense budget cuts that have stalled the program. 8 In May 2013 Turkish company Roketsan, Germany company Thyssenkrupp Marine Systems, and German arms manufacturer Diehl Defence signed an agreement to jointly develop the IDAS missile. 7 The Interactive Defence and Attack System for Submarines (IDAS) utilizes a wire-guided missile to engage helicopters and mobile targets on shore. In support of new operational priorities, Germany plans to equip the 212A with a land-attack capability.
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